Over the next few days, I hope to publish a 4-part series on
answering the question: Why isn't Singapore as entrepreneurial as
Israel?
It is a mystery, especially for a Singaporean like me.
Both nations have limited natural resources, rely heavily on its
manpower for its growth. Yet, why is it that the Singapore government is
struggling to make its citizen create its own jobs?
Back in May
2010, I had the opportunity to embark on a 10-days trip to Israel, to
investigate the reasons behind its entrepreneurial economy.
Introduction:
From
my internship stint at the Singapore's Ministry of Trade, I learnt
about successful Israels Yozma fund, and unsuccessful TIF Ventures in
Singapore. Ever since then, I realized that the Singapore government has
been mimicking what the Israeli government does. I signed up for Israel
BSM to find out the real reasons behind Israels booming
entrepreneurship ecosystem and why Singapore is not on par. On the 26th
April, as I boarded the plane to Tel Aviv, all geared up to answer two
main questions (1) What were the historical differences that led to the
todays difference in entrepreneurship culture; (2) Is Singapore on the
right track on becoming where Israel is today. As identified by Asaf
Barnea, CEO of Kinrot Ventures, apart from funding, there are three main
factors that make a start-up technology, market needs and people. In
reflection of the historical differences between Israel and Singapore, I
will be structuring my thoughts around these four main factors.
Innovation & Education
As
we visited the biblical and historical sites, I realized that the
Israelis ability to innovate and cater to underserved markets was a
result of necessity. Agriculture and water technologies were developed
in response to daily survival consumption needs. For example, during the
Canaanites inhabitation, an extensive water tunnel was built to access
water from the faraway Gihon Spring. In addition, being the geographical
land bridge between Africa, Europe and Asia, and the centre of
religious conflicts, the nation was constantly attacked. These military
threats and pivotal moments such as the French embargo on Israel caused
the nation to kick-start its own defence technologies. Singapore on the
other hand, had a less pressing need to innovate for self-sustenance.
During the starting years, our homeland was fortunate to have a tropical
climate for fruits and access to seawater for water and fish. Singapore
has also been far less experienced in warfare. Even in times of war, it
was the British government who provided majority of the weapons and
manpower needed.
There are however, two traits that are similar for both Israel and Singapore. Firstly, both countries placed high importance of education. Due to the Jewish
religious purposes, traditionally, boys were made to study religious
text in a comprehensive manner from a very young age. This practice is
still present in modern times. Even David, our tour guide, has ever
brought his son up to the mountains to study the bible together. This
attitude towards education has its immense impact on
entrepreneurship in modern times. In Technion University, we were
introduced to the president of the entrepreneurship club who at only 28
years old has over 10 years of experience in start-ups. His secret was
that at 6 years old, he was already reading his fathers computer
programming books. Singapore, being an Asia country, had also placed
strong emphasis on education in their children. However, unlike
the Israelis, during the 1940s to 1960s, prior to entering formal
school, parents emphasized on their children hands-on skills to work or
help at the family business.
Talent pool
Last but not least,
both countries had an influx of foreigners. During the fifth Aliyah
movement, many Diasporas returned from Germany and Austria as
professionals in the field of medicine, science, finance and arts. This
propelled the agriculture and high-tech industry in Israel. Singapores
immigrants however, were mostly uneducated, with backgrounds in
commerce, textiles and labour-intensive industries. There could have
been insufficient individuals with technical know-how to spin off a
high-tech industry even if they wanted to.
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